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抽籤是理性決定？
作者:lisky 日期:2014-08-08
抽籤是理性決定？
2014.8.8 李宗薇
期末考後學期結束放暑假了，考卷無從發回檢討。然身為老師，看到同學在申論題某些似是而非的觀念，覺得必須釐清。
學期剛開始時，得知該班因為沒人要當班代，故班代由抽籤產生，且中籤者並不在場。「教育媒體社會」期末考最後一題希望同學重新檢視抽籤決定班代這件事，希望經過一學期的研讀，同學有new light，可看出此事很多層(many layers)。但閱卷時看到有同學作答：「抽籤的方式並不是最理想的投票方法」、「每人應表達意見，以理性的角度看待此事，不是以完全理性的抽籤來完成」，這說法有誤謬，有進一步討論的必要。
1. 「抽籤的方式並不是最理想的投票方法」
文意上看，作答同學似乎認為抽籤是一種投票方法，只是不是最理想的。投票其實是做出選擇，對人或某議題，無論用舉手、記名、不記名、上網等方式，均反應投票人的立場並做出選擇；但抽籤不是個人選擇，不是投票方法，無論理想與否。
2. 「…以理性的角度看待此事，不是以完全理性的抽籤來完成」
作答者認為抽籤是「完全理性」，這恐是誤解了理性。
理性是指依據「證據」(evidence)而非情緒作決定。Max Weber說明理性是不以迷信、神秘、宗教等說法，而是依據科學及實際可計算的資料說明。抽籤雖非情緒，但基本上是依據機率(probability)或運氣，機率、運氣不是理性，更別說是完全理性。
上述這句話也前後矛盾，位階上，「完全理性」不是應比「理性」更高嗎？為何理性可否定「完全理性」？
進一步思考，如抽籤這麼「完全理性」，那麼人類何需費神思考各種制度、各種辦法；無論為職位找人，或制度建立，選拔人才，抽籤決定就好了，選總統、選市場、選鄉長、甚或大學校長皆可抽籤；大學入學、公費生留學等，皆抽籤，何需辦理指考、推甄？他國也可仿效，如美國高中生入大學何需申請、考SAT，一切抽籤決定就好，這才客觀、公平。是這樣嗎？
可我閱卷時也頗納悶，大多數的同學都表示抽籤產生班代似有不妥，但怎麼最後仍是抽籤產生？我「探究」可能的原因：「不要傷和氣」、「這不關我的事」；或者，雖主張抽籤的是少數，但他們聲音大，是班上意見領袖，無人敢撄其鋒…
這固然是該班的次文化與氛圍，但多少也反映現今年輕人的心態。
(原文在2014.7.4 本課程iCan 公告欄，略修改)
[本日誌由 lisky 於 2014-08-22 09:39 AM 編輯]
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