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以媒體為主題的影片
作者:lisky 日期:2010-05-30
以媒體為主題的影片
李宗薇
2010.5.30
前兩週「媒體素養」課播放了電影「奔騰年代」(Seabiscuit , 2003) DVD，同學需以該片為教材，設計後續教學活動。至於教學活動的對象、時間甚或科目不拘，但需有一致性。結果無論課堂簡述，或書面報告，各組都展現了豐富、有延伸性的議題，可見用心。
各組大都以該片主題－人在逆境或遭逢挫折時如何因應為核心，探討如何建立積極、正向人生觀，或教導學生體認「天生我材必有用」、「天將降大任」、「殘而不廢」等。僅一組以「媒體訊息產製」為主軸，設計大學通識課「媒體素養」，重點放在主角霍華如何操作媒體，如透過媒體向另一匹馬海軍上將的主人發戰帖，以及媒體報導時捕風捉影等。
運用影片進行教學或討論，本就是創意發揮，有其多元性；本片片長141分鐘，多線進行，然因主角操弄媒體的部分不算多，故教學聚焦於媒體訊息產製恐不太符合「比例原則」；如以學習的「主學習」「、副學習」、「附學習」分類，恐怕至多是附學習。
課堂上提到要瞭解媒體產業或操弄，有其他更適合的影片，如Dustin Hoffman主演的搖擺狗，Broadcast News，和前不久Cinemax重播的「媒體先鋒」(The paper)等。
這幾天腦海中搜索與媒體有關的影片，想到下列幾部：1976年的「螢光幕後」(Network)、1987年的「收播新聞」(Broadcast News,)，1994年的「媒體先鋒」(The paper)，以及我課堂上沒說完整、1997年的「桃色新聞搖擺狗」(Wag the dog)。這當中以「搖擺狗」最為國人熟悉，該片談政客藉其他事件「聲東擊西」轉移媒體注意力，國內外都可找到類似的案例。
當然，以上電影僅是個人記憶所及的幾部，絕非全部。
「螢光幕後」推出時我在美國讀書，傳播專題課上師生曾熱烈討論。該片探討了商業電視的流弊，如收視率掛帥扭曲了新聞本質，以及電視對年長者的歧視(主播年老收視下滑)，不僅反映媒體冷酷現實，也留下許多讓人不寒而慄的問題。當然，次年男主角Peter Finch獲奧斯卡男主角獎，是過世獲獎者的第一人。「收播新聞」影片背景是地方電視台的新聞部。三位主角中，一位是專業、有內涵但外貌不佳的男記者，一位是沒啥內涵但外表出眾的男主播，及一位女性新聞節目製作人。結果是草包男主播高升到總台當主播，專業的男記者回到報社，多年後三人重聚。該片相當嘲諷了電視「以貌取人」，金玉其外的男主播將新聞當成演戲，為了博收視，可拍下自己「擠」出流淚的畫面，再剪接上新聞片段，顯示自己訪問時對當事人的同情；女製作人調出帶子看到了母帶，質疑男主播的「流淚表演」違反新聞的求真，也壓下兩人萌芽的情愫。該片首播時我在Indiana大學進修，記得有同學八卦，說本片影射自1983年開始擔任ABC 晚間新聞主播的 Peter Jennings (Pennings 已於2005年暑假肺癌過世)。
「媒體先鋒」(The paper)，男主角為紐約某報的主編，在面臨報導的角度、截稿時限，以及即將分娩的太太等多重壓力下，定出了事情輕重緩急，並展現新聞專業工作者在鍥而不捨追真相，及為落實媒體守門人的努力。故事發生在一天，從白天、黑夜到次日黎明。看完後對於報紙編輯室的作業，及編輯相關人員的角色會有基本認識。至於「桃色新聞搖擺狗」，該片演員出色，詮釋入微，被認為是政客操弄媒體以遂私利的經典之作。
本文除了補充相關影片資訊，也提醒當我們看到某一新聞或事件，避免遽下斷語或先入為主，要記得理性與批判思考，自我提醒勿忘閱讀人接觸媒體訊息時的主導權。如近日富士康員工跳樓事件的報導，何妨自問，真的如此嗎？因為Things are not what they seem, 表層之下還有許多潛藏的因素不可輕忽。
[本日誌由 lisky 於 2011-12-17 03:04 PM 編輯]
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