抽籤是理性決定?
作者:lisky 日期:2014-08-08
抽籤是理性決定?
2014.8.8 李宗薇
期末考後學期結束放暑假了,考卷無從發回檢討。然身為老師,看到同學在申論題某些似是而非的觀念,覺得必須釐清。
學期剛開始時,得知該班因為沒人要當班代,故班代由抽籤產生,且中籤者並不在場。「教育媒體社會」期末考最後一題希望同學重新檢視抽籤決定班代這件事,希望經過一學期的研讀,同學有new light,可看出此事很多層(many layers)。但閱卷時看到有同學作答:「抽籤的方式並不是最理想的投票方法」、「每人應表達意見,以理性的角度看待此事,不是以完全理性的抽籤來完成」,這說法有誤謬,有進一步討論的必要。
1. 「抽籤的方式並不是最理想的投票方法」
文意上看,作答同學似乎認為抽籤是一種投票方法,只是不是最理想的。投票其實是做出選擇,對人或某議題,無論用舉手、記名、不記名、上網等方式,均反應投票人的立場並做出選擇;但抽籤不是個人選擇,不是投票方法,無論理想與否。
2. 「…以理性的角度看待此事,不是以完全理性的抽籤來完成」
作答者認為抽籤是「完全理性」,這恐是誤解了理性。
理性是指依據「證據」(evidence)而非情緒作決定。Max Weber說明理性是不以迷信、神秘、宗教等說法,而是依據科學及實際可計算的資料說明。抽籤雖非情緒,但基本上是依據機率(probability)或運氣,機率、運氣不是理性,更別說是完全理性。
上述這句話也前後矛盾,位階上,「完全理性」不是應比「理性」更高嗎?為何理性可否定「完全理性」?
進一步思考,如抽籤這麼「完全理性」,那麼人類何需費神思考各種制度、各種辦法;無論為職位找人,或制度建立,選拔人才,抽籤決定就好了,選總統、選市場、選鄉長、甚或大學校長皆可抽籤;大學入學、公費生留學等,皆抽籤,何需辦理指考、推甄?他國也可仿效,如美國高中生入大學何需申請、考SAT,一切抽籤決定就好,這才客觀、公平。是這樣嗎?
可我閱卷時也頗納悶,大多數的同學都表示抽籤產生班代似有不妥,但怎麼最後仍是抽籤產生?我「探究」可能的原因:「不要傷和氣」、「這不關我的事」;或者,雖主張抽籤的是少數,但他們聲音大,是班上意見領袖,無人敢撄其鋒…
這固然是該班的次文化與氛圍,但多少也反映現今年輕人的心態。
(原文在2014.7.4 本課程iCan 公告欄,略修改)
[本日誌由 lisky 於 2014-08-22 09:39 AM 編輯]
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